Traces of human settlements have been found in the place, dating to the Neolithic Age. The first settlements in Salzburg continuous when the power were apparently by the Celts on the 5th century BC.
Around 15 BC the sever settlements were mixture into one city by the Roman Empire. At this grow old-fashioned, the city was called "Juvavum" and was awarded the status of a Roman municipium in 45 AD. Juvavum developed into an important town of the Roman province of Noricum. After the collapse of the Norican frontier, Juvavum declined so offensively that by the late 7th century it vis--vis became a contaminate.
The Life of Saint Rupert credits the 8th-century saint following the city's rebirth. When Theodo of Bavaria asked Rupert to become bishop c. 700, Rupert reconnoitered the river for the site of his basilica. Rupert chose Juvavum, ordained priests, and annexed the manor Piding. Rupert named the city "Salzburg". He traveled to evangelise together together together in the midst of pagans.
The declare Salzburg means "Salt Castle" (Latin:Salis Burgium). The publicize derives from the barges carrying salt regarding the order of the Salzach River, which were subject to a toll in the 8th century and was customary for many communities and cities concerning European rivers. The Festung Hohensalzburg, the city's fortress, was built in 1077 by Archbishop Gebhard, who made it his habitat.It was greatly expanded during the later centuries.
Independence from Bavaria was secured in the late 14th century. Salzburg was the seat of the Archbishopric of Salzburg; a prince-bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire. As the reformation doings gained steam, riots broke out accompanied by peasants in the areas in and just approximately Salzburg. The city was occupied during the German Peasants' War, and the archbishop had to make off to the safety of the fortress It was besieged for three months in 1525.
Eventually, tensions were quelled, and the independence of the city led to an accrual in profusion and wealth, culminating in the late 16th to 18th centuries under the Prince Archbishops Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau, Markus Sittikus, and Paris Lodron. It was in the 17th century that Italian architects (and Austrians who had studied the Baroque style) rebuilt the city center as it is today along moreover than many palaces.
Mozart was born in Salzburg, capital of the Archbishopric of Salzburg, a former ecclesiastical principality in what is now Austria, afterward part of the
On 31 October 1731, the 214th anniversary of Martin Luther's reformation, Archbishop Count Leopold Anton von Firmian signed an Edict of Expulsion, the Emigrationspatent, directing all Protestant citizens to recant their nonCatholic beliefs. There were 21,475 citizens who publicly listed themselves as Protestant and refused to recant. They were all exiled, not mammal skillful to recompense until 1734.
The exodus began in November, and the Protestants were motivated to wander through the winter, seeking refuge in Germany. A significant number died, and some kids were kidnapped to be raised by Catholics. Stories of their plight evolve, eventually even challenging the German poet Johann Wolfgang Goethe to write the narrative poem "Hermann and Dorothea," which, even though it frames the financial financial version in terms of the French Revolution, is a commentary upon the Salzburg exile.
In to the lead 1732 King Frederick William I of Prussia trendy 12,000 Salzburger Protestant emigrants, who selected in towns of East Prussia that had been devastated by the plague twenty years in the forward. Other smaller groups made their intensification to Debrecen and the Banat regions of the Kingdom of Hungary, to what is now share of Romania and Serbia. The Kingdom of Hungary recruited Germans to repopulate areas along the Danube River decimated by the plague and the Ottoman ferociousness. The Salzburgers along with migrated to Protestant areas stuffy Berlin and Hanover in Germany and to the Netherlands.[quotation needed]
The Protestant German refugees went to western Europe, the United States and extra western nations. Those who decided in western Germany founded a community attachment to keep their historic identity as Salzburgers.
In 1772-1803, under archbishop Hieronymus Graf von Colloredo, Salzburg was a center of late Illuminism.
In 1803, the archbishopric was secularised by Emperor Napoleon and handed greater than to Ferdinand III of Tuscany, former Grand Duke of Tuscany, as the Electorate of Salzburg.
In 1805, Salzburg was annexed to the Austrian Empire, along gone the Berchtesgaden Provostry.
In 1809, the territory of Salzburg was transferred to the Kingdom of Bavaria after Austria's eradicate at Wagram.
At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, it was definitively returned to Austria, but without Rupertigau and Berchtesgaden, which remained in the way of creature of than Bavaria. Salzburg was integrated into the Salzach province and Salzburgerland was ruled from Linz.In 1850, Salzburg's status was again restored as the capital of the Duchy of Salzburg, a crownland of the Austrian Empire. The city became portion of Austria-Hungary in 1866 as the capital of a crownland into the Austrian Empire. The nostalgia of the Romantic Era led to increased tourism. In 1892, a funicular was installed to abet tourism to the fortress of Hohensalzburg
Following World War I and the termination of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; Salzburg, as the capital of one of the Austro-Hungarian territories, became portion of the toting up German Austria. In 1918, it represented the residual German-speaking territories of the Austrian heartlands. This was replaced by the First Austrian Republic in 1919, after the Treaty of Versailles.
Young Austrians at celebrations just after the Anschluss
The Anschluss (the take over and annexation of Austria, including Salzburg, into German Third Reich) took place the 12th of March 1938, one day in the back a scheduled referendum about Austria's independence. German troops were moved to the city. Political opponents, Jewish citizens and added minorities were subsequently than arrested and deported. The synagogue was destroyed and several POW camps for prisoners from the Soviet Union and adding together nations were organized in the city.
During the Nazi tenure a Roma camp was built in Salzburg-Maxglan. It was an Arbeitserziehungslager (produce an effect education camp), which provided slave labour to local industry, as expertly a Zwischenlager (transit camp) back the deportation to German extinction camps or ghettos in German occupied territories.
Allied bombing destroyed 7,600 houses and killed 550 inhabitants. A sum of 15 strikes destroyed 46 percent of the city's buildings especially around Salzburg train station. Although the town's bridges and the field of the cathedral were destroyed, much of its Baroque architecture remained intact. As a result, it is one of the few surviving examples of a town of its style. American troops entered Salzburg upon 5 May 1945.
In the city of Salzburg, there were several DP Camps as soon as World War II. Among these were Riedenburg, Camp Herzl (Franz-Josefs-Kaserne), Camp Mlln, Bet Bialik, Bet Trumpeldor, and New Palestine. Salzburg was the center of the American-occupied place in Austria.
After World War II, Salzburg became the capital city of the State of Salzburg (Land Salzburg). On 27 January 2006, the 250th anniversary of the birth of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, all 35 churches of Salzburg rang their bells a little after 8:00 p.m. (local period) to celebrate the occasion. Major celebrations took place throughout the year.
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